That’s the neat part, you can’t, because the companies that run ad networks (e.g. Google and Meta) intentionally make the consumer behaviours market as opaque as possible. As the market maker, they have an economic incentive to withold information from their customers, because any mistakes from market participants due to information assymetries directly translate to profit surplus for the market maker.

We have long since moved on from simple pay per click/view pricing models to pay per “impression,” the definition of which is not clear even to the companies that purchase the ads.

And in a somewhat ironic twist, one of the motivations for such extensive surveillance is the desire to quantify such ROIs. Statistics and analytics such as click through and conversion rates all require tracking user behaviour across vast networks.

Immich users flag Google sites as dangerous

I fear that this does not cleanly apply to Japan because of their somewhat uniquely active doujinshi (fan work) culture. To give an idea of how big a deal doujinshi are, the largest western convention San Diego Comic Con only draws around 130,000 attendants. The largest Doujinshi convention Comiket drew 750,000 attendants before COVID. These works are explicitly distributed and redistributed for commercial profit (though admittedly usually not at any profitable scale).

Japan copyright law has explicit exceptions for doujinshi, having recognised the immense value to the industry. So many successful artists started by creating and selling doujinshi, which are usually explicitly derivative works of IP.

Doujinshi - Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doujinshi